Asayansi ndi mainjiniya adayesa chibaluni cha Venus ku Nevada's Black Rock Desert mu Julayi 2022. Galimoto yotsika kwambiri idamaliza bwino maulendo awiri oyeserera

Ndi kutentha kwake kotentha ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu, pamwamba pa Venus ndi nkhanza komanso yosakhululuka.Ndipotu, zofufuza zomwe zafika kumeneko mpaka pano zangotenga maola ochepa chabe.Koma pangakhale njira ina yowonera dziko loopsa ndi lochititsa chidwili lopitirira ma orbiter, kuzungulira dzuŵa pamtunda wapamtunda pang'ono kuchokera pa Dziko Lapansi.Ndiwo buluni.NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) ku Pasadena, Calif., idanenanso pa Okutobala 10, 2022 kuti baluni yamlengalenga, imodzi mwamalingaliro ake amlengalenga, yamaliza bwino maulendo awiri oyesa kudutsa Nevada.

Ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo choyesera, mtundu wa baluni wocheperako womwe tsiku lina ukhoza kuyandama m'mitambo yowirira ya Venus.

Ulendo woyamba wa Venus baluni woyeserera

Venus Aerobot yokonzedwa ndi 40 mapazi (12 metres) m'mimba mwake, pafupifupi 2/3 kukula kwa prototype.

Gulu la asayansi ndi mainjiniya ochokera ku JPL ndi Near Space Corporation ku Tillamook, Oregon, adayendetsa ndege yoyesa.Kupambana kwawo kukusonyeza kuti mabuloni a Venusian ayenera kukhala ndi moyo mumlengalenga wowundana wa dziko loyandikana nalo.Pa Venus, baluni idzawulukira pamtunda wa makilomita 55 kuchokera pamwamba.Kuti agwirizane ndi kutentha ndi kachulukidwe ka mlengalenga wa Venus pamayeso, gululo lidakweza baluni yoyeserera mpaka pamtunda wa 1 km.

Mwanjira iliyonse, buluni imachita momwe idapangidwira.Jacob Izraelevitz, Principal Investigator wa JPL Flight Test, Robotic Specialist, anati: "Ndife okondwa kwambiri ndi momwe chithunzichi chikugwirira ntchito.Idayambika, ikuwonetsa kuwongolera kokwera, ndipo tidayipezanso bwino pambuyo pa maulendo onse apandege.Tajambulitsa zambiri za ndegezi ndipo tikuyembekezera kuzigwiritsa ntchito kukonza zofananira tisanayang'ane mapulaneti athu.

Paul Byrne wa payunivesite ya Washington ku St. Louis komanso wothandizana ndi sayansi ya za m’mlengalenga wa robotiki anawonjezera kuti: “Kupambana kwa maulendo apandege amenewa kumatanthauza zambiri kwa ife: Tasonyeza bwinobwino luso lofunika kufufuza mtambo wa Venus.Mayeserowa amayala maziko a momwe tingathandizire kufufuza maloboti kwanthawi yayitali pamtunda wa gehena wa Venus.

Kuyenda mumphepo za Venus

Ndiye chifukwa chiyani ma baluni?NASA ikufuna kuphunzira dera la Venus lomwe ndi lotsika kwambiri kuti orbiter lisanthule.Mosiyana ndi otera, omwe amawomba mkati mwa maola angapo, mabuloni amatha kuyandama ndi mphepo kwa milungu ingapo kapena miyezi ingapo, kutengeka kuchoka kum’maŵa kupita kumadzulo.Baluniyo imathanso kusintha kutalika kwake pakati pa 171,000 ndi 203,000 mapazi (52 mpaka 62 kilomita) kuchokera pamwamba.

Komabe, si maloboti owuluka okha.Zimagwira ntchito ndi orbiter pamwamba pa mlengalenga wa Venus.Kuphatikiza pakuchita zoyeserera zasayansi, baluni imagwiranso ntchito ngati njira yolumikizirana ndi orbiter.

Mabaluni m'mabaluni

Chitsanzocho kwenikweni ndi "baluni mkati mwa baluni," ofufuzawo adatero.Wopanikizidwaheliumamadzaza molimba mosungira mkati.Pakali pano, baluni yakunja ya helium yosinthika imatha kukulirakulira ndikuchepera.Mabaluni amathanso kukwera pamwamba kapena kutsika m'munsi.Imachita izi mothandizidwa ndiheliummpweya.Ngati gulu la mishoni likufuna kukweza baluniyo, amatulutsa heliamu kuchokera kunkhokwe yamkati kupita ku baluni yakunja.Kubwezeretsa chibaluni m'malo mwake, theheliumamalowetsedwa m'malo osungiramo madzi.Izi zimapangitsa kuti baluni yakunja ipangike ndikutaya mphamvu.

Malo owononga

Pamalo okonzekera mtunda wa makilomita 55 pamwamba pa Venus, kutentha sikuli koopsa ndipo kupanikizika kwa mumlengalenga sikuli kolimba.Koma mbali iyi ya mlengalenga wa Venus idakali yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa mitambo imakhala yodzaza ndi madontho a sulfuric acid.Pofuna kuthandizira kuti zisawonongeke m'malo akuwonongawo, mainjiniya anamanga baluniyo pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo.Zomwe zili ndi zokutira zosagwirizana ndi asidi, zitsulo zochepetsera kutentha kwa dzuwa, ndi wosanjikiza wamkati womwe umakhalabe wolimba mokwanira kunyamula zida zasayansi.Ngakhale zisindikizo zimalimbana ndi asidi.Mayesero a ndege asonyeza kuti zipangizo ndi zomangamanga ziyeneranso kugwira ntchito pa Venus.Zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti Venus apulumuke ndizovuta kupanga, ndipo kulimba kwa kasamalidwe komwe tidawonetsa pakukhazikitsa ndikuchira kwa Nevada kumatipatsa chidaliro pakudalirika kwa ma baluni athu pa Venus.

Kwa zaka zambiri, asayansi ndi mainjiniya ena akhala akuganiza zokhala ndi mabaluni ngati njira yofufuzira za Venus.Izi zikhoza kuchitika posachedwa.Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi NASA.

Sayansi mu Venus' Atmosphere

Asayansi amakonzekeretsa mabaluni kuti afufuze zasayansi zosiyanasiyana.Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyang'ana mafunde a phokoso mumlengalenga opangidwa ndi zivomezi za Venusian.Zina mwa kusanthula kosangalatsa kudzakhala kapangidwe ka mlengalenga momwemo.Mpweya wa carbon dioxidezimapanga mpweya wambiri wa Venus, zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwa dziko komwe kwapangitsa Venus kukhala gehena padziko lapansi.Kusanthula kwatsopano kungapereke zidziwitso zofunika za momwe izi zidachitikira.Ndipotu asayansi amanena kuti m’masiku oyambirira, Venus ankafanana kwambiri ndi Dziko Lapansi.Ndiye chinachitika ndi chiyani?

Zachidziwikire, popeza asayansi adanenanso za kupezeka kwa phosphine mumlengalenga wa Venus mu 2020, funso loti moyo ungakhalepo mumitambo ya Venus latsitsimutsa chidwi.Zoyambira za phosphine sizikudziwika, ndipo maphunziro ena amakayikirabe kukhalapo kwake.Koma ma baluni ngati awa angakhale abwino kusanthula mozama mitambo komanso mwinanso kuzindikira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.Mabaluni ngati awa atha kuthandizira kuvumbulutsa zina mwachinsinsi Chosokoneza komanso chovuta.