Pazaka za zana la Carbon Peak ndi Carbon Unitrance, mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akuyang'ana m'badwo wotsatira wamakono yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi, komanso zobiriwiragasiikuyang'ana kwambiri pazinthu zapadziko lonse posachedwapa. Poyerekeza ndi hydrogen, ammonia akuwonjezera gawo la feteleza waulimi wamoyo ku feteleza wopezeka chifukwa cha phindu lake lodziwika bwino posungira ndi mayendedwe.

Faniya, katswiri pa yunivesite ya Twinte ku Nethenlands, ananena kuti ndi kukwera kwa mitengo yamkaka yamphongo, mwina ammonia obiriwira akhoza kukhala mfumu yamafuta amadzimadzi.

Ndiye, kodi ammonia wobiriwira makamaka ndi chiyani? Kodi mawonekedwe ake ndi otani? Kodi ndi ntchito yanji? Kodi ndizachuma?

Ammonia wobiriwira komanso mawonekedwe ake

Hydrogen ndiye zida zopangiragasikupanga. Chifukwa chake, malingana ndi mpweya wosiyanasiyana wopanga hydrojeni, ammonia amathanso kukhala m'magulu anayi awa ndi mtundu:

Chagilieyigasi: Zopangidwa kuchokera ku zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe zakale (gasi lachilengedwe ndi malasha).

Blue Ammonia: Hiw Hydrojeni imachotsedwa pamafuta osungiramo zinthu zakale, koma ma carbon opaleshoni ndi malo osungirako maboni amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso.

Ammonia obiriwira a Blue: Methane Pyrolysis njira yoyendetsera methane mu haidrojeni ndi kaboni. The hydrogen yochiritsidwa mu njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosaphika kuti mupange ma ammonia pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi obiriwira.

Ammonia wobiriwira: magetsi obiriwira opangidwa ndi mphamvu zosinthika monga mphepo ndi mphamvu yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa madzi edrogen, kenako ammonia zimachokera ku nayitrogeni ndi hydrogen mlengalenga.

Chifukwa ammonia obiriwira amatulutsa nayitrogeni ndi madzi atatha kubereka, ndipo satulutsa mpweya woipa, ma ammonia obiriwira amatengedwa ndi mafuta a mpweya wabwino kwambiri mtsogolo.

Dziko lonse lapansigasimsika udakali mu ukhanda. Kuchokera pamalingaliro apadziko lonse lapansi, kukula kwa msika wobiriwira wa ammonia ndi pafupifupi US $ 36 miliyoni mu 2021 ndipo akuyembekezeka kuti afikire $ 5.48 biliyoni mu 203,8%, yomwe ili ndi kuthekera kwambiri. Cagi capital ikuneneratu kuti kupanga kwapachaka kwa Ammonia wobiriwira kumadutsa 20 miliyoni mu 2030 ndikupitilira matani 560 miliyoni mu 2050, kuwerengera zoposa 80% ya kupanga ma ammonia padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuyambira pa Seputembara 2023, zopitilira 60 zobiriwira zatumizidwa padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zidakonzedwa kuti zitheke matani oposa 35 miliyoni / chaka. Ntchito zakunja za ammonia zobiriwira zimagawidwa makamaka ku Australia, South America, Europe ndi Middle East.

Kuyambira 2024, makampani apadziko lonse a ammonia ku China chayamba msanga. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, kuyambira 2024, oposa 20 obiriwira a hydrogen amalimbikitsidwa. Tsimikizani bungwe laukadaulo, ntchito yomanga mphamvu yaku China, boma la boma Mphamvu, gulu la boma.

Zolemba Zogwiritsa Ntchito Ammonia Wobiriwira

Monga mphamvu yoyera, ammonia obiriwira ali ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana mtsogolo. Kuphatikiza pa kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale aulimi ndi mafakitale, makamaka kumaphatikizapo kuphatikiza magetsi m'badwo, mafuta otumizira, kapangidwe ka kaboni, yosungirako hydrogen ndi minda ina.

1. Mafakitale otumizira

Kutulutsa kwa carbon dioxide kuchokera pa akaunti yotumizira 3% mpaka 4% ya mpweya woipa. Mu 2018, bungwe lankhondo lapadziko lonse lapansi lidatengera njira yoyamba yothandizira mpweya wowonjezera, pofunsira kwa zaka 2030, ndipo yesetsani kuchepetsa mphamvu zotumizira, ndikusintha mapangidwe abwino kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti makampani otumiza ammonia obiriwira omwe amalemera amadzitiza zazikulu zopanga matebulo omwe ali m'tsogolo.

Kulembetsa kwa Lloyd kwa kutumiza kamodzi komwe kunaneneratu kuti pakati pa 2030 ndi 2050, gawo la Amoni ngati mafuta otumizira lichulukanso kuchokera 7% mpaka 20%, kusinthanitsa mpweya wachilengedwe ndi mafuta ena kuti mukhale mafuta ofunikira kwambiri otumizira.

2. Makampani opanga magetsi

GasiKuphatikiza sikupanga co2, ndipo kuyanja kosakanikirana ndi ammonia kumatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo omwe ali palamba omwe alipo popanda kusintha kwakukulu kwa thupi la bouler. Ndi muyezo wothandiza kuti muchepetse mpweya woipa wa kaboni pamtunda wa malasha.

Pa Julayi 15, chitukuko cha dziko komanso ntchito yokonzanso mphamvu ya dziko lapansi adatulutsa "Propen form Proceffform ndikupanga mphamvu yophatikiza ma ammonia obiriwira komanso owotcha malasha. Kudya ndi kaboni mipweya kumachepa kwambiri. Itha kuwoneka kuti kusakaniza ammonia kapena ma ammonia oyera m'magulu amphamvu ndi njira yofunika kwambiri ya kuchepa kwa kaboni.

Japan ndi amene amalimbikitsa kwambiri a ammonia. Japan idapangitsa kuti "202220 ku Japan Japan Shatmap ya FASMAN Pamene matekinoloje a Nationmonia ophatikizidwa akukhwima, gawo ili limawonjezera 50%; Pofika 2040, chomera chomangira cha andmani chimalimbikitsidwa.

3. Hydrogen yonyamula katundu

Amoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chonyamula hydrogen chosungira, ndipo chikufunika kudutsa njira za ammonia synthesis, kufalikira, mayendedwe, ndikuwunikanso, ndikuchotsanso hydrogen hydrogen. Njira yonse ya ammonia-hydrogen imakhwima.

Pakadali pano pali njira zisanu ndi imodzi ya hydrogen yosungirako ndi mayendedwe osungirako masitepe, ma piver, kutentha kwamadzimadzi, ndi makonda a hydrogen yosungira ndi mayendedwe. Pakati pawo, ammonia amadzisungira ndi mayendedwe ndikuthamangitsa haidrogen kudzera mwa ammonia, kufalikira, mayendedwe, ndi kusinthidwa. Amonia amawuma ku -33 ° C kapena 1MPA. Mtengo wa hydrogenation / dehydrogeniation maakaunti opitilira 85%. Sizimakhudzidwa ndi mtunda woyendera ndipo ndioyenera kusungidwa kwakanthawi komanso nthawi yayitali yosungirako ndi mayendedwe a hydrogen, makamaka mayendedwe a Nyanja. Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri zosungirako za hydrogen komanso mayendedwe mtsogolo.

4.. Zopangira zamafuta

Monga feteleza wa nayitrogeni wobiriwira komanso zinthu zazikulu zobiriwira mankhwala, obiriwiragasiTilimbikitsa mwamphamvu kukula kwa "ammonia obiriwira + obiriwira + ndi" ammonia obiriwira "unyolo wa mafakitale.

Poyerekeza ndi mtundu wa Amoni opangidwa kuchokera ku mphamvu zakale, amayembekezeredwa kuti ammonia obiriwira sadzatha kupikisana nawo ngati mankhwala opangira mankhwala asanafike 2035.