Deuterium ndi isotope yokhazikika ya haidrojeni. Isotope iyi ili ndi makhalidwe osiyana pang'ono ndi isotope yake yachilengedwe yochuluka kwambiri (protium), ndipo ndi yofunika kwambiri m'magawo ambiri asayansi, kuphatikizapo nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ndi quantitative mass spectrometry. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzira mitu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira maphunziro a zachilengedwe mpaka kuzindikira matenda.

Msika wa mankhwala olembedwa ndi isotope yokhazikika wawona kukwera kwakukulu kwa mitengo yoposa 200% chaka chathachi. Izi zikuonekera kwambiri pamitengo ya mankhwala olembedwa ndi isotope yokhazikika monga 13CO2 ndi D2O, omwe ayamba kukwera mu theka loyamba la chaka cha 2022. Kuphatikiza apo, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa ma biomolecule olembedwa ndi isotope yokhazikika monga shuga kapena amino acid omwe ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa maselo.

Kuchuluka kwa kufunikira ndi kuchepa kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo kumabweretsa mitengo yokwera

Kodi n’chiyani kwenikweni chomwe chakhudza kwambiri kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa deuterium chaka chathachi? Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala atsopano okhala ndi zilembo za deuterium kukupangitsa kuti kufunikira kwa deuterium kukhale kwakukulu.

Kusinthidwa kwa zosakaniza zogwira ntchito zamankhwala (APIs)

Maatomu a Deuterium (D, deuterium) amaletsa kuchuluka kwa kagayidwe ka mankhwala m'thupi la munthu. Zawonetsedwa kuti ndi chinthu chotetezeka mu mankhwala ochiritsira. Poganizira za momwe mankhwala a deuterium ndi protium alili ofanana, deuterium ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa protium m'mankhwala ena.

Mphamvu ya mankhwala ochizira sidzakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezera deuterium. Kafukufuku wa kagayidwe kachakudya wasonyeza kuti mankhwala okhala ndi deuterium nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zonse komanso mphamvu. Komabe, mankhwala okhala ndi deuterium amasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zokhalitsa, zochepa kapena zochepa, komanso zotsatirapo zochepa.

Kodi deuterium imakhudza bwanji kagayidwe ka mankhwala m'thupi? Deuterium imatha kupanga ma bond amphamvu kwambiri mkati mwa mamolekyu a mankhwala poyerekeza ndi protium. Popeza kagayidwe ka mankhwala nthawi zambiri kamakhala ndi kusweka kwa ma bond otere, ma bond olimba amatanthauza kuti kagayidwe ka mankhwala m'thupi kamakhala kochepa.

Deuterium oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu choyambira popanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana okhala ndi zilembo za deuterium, kuphatikizapo zosakaniza zogwira ntchito za mankhwala.

Chingwe cha Deuted Fiber Optic

Pa gawo lomaliza la kupanga fiber optic, zingwe za fiber optic zimachiritsidwa ndi mpweya wa deuterium. Mitundu ina ya fiber optic imawonongeka mosavuta ndi magwiridwe antchito awo a kuwala, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha zochita za mankhwala ndi maatomu omwe ali mkati kapena mozungulira chingwecho.

Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, deuterium imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa protium yomwe ili mu zingwe za fiber optic. Kusintha kumeneku kumachepetsa liwiro la reaction ndikuletsa kuwonongeka kwa kuwala, zomwe pamapeto pake zimakulitsa moyo wa chingwecho.

Kupangidwa kwa ma semiconductor a silicon ndi ma microchip

Njira yosinthira deuterium-protium ndi mpweya wa deuterium (deuterium 2; D 2) imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma semiconductor a silicon ndi ma microchips, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo ozungulira. Deuterium annealing imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa maatomu a protium ndi deuterium kuti apewe kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala m'mabwalo ozungulira komanso zotsatirapo zoyipa za zotsatira zotentha.

Mwa kukhazikitsa njirayi, moyo wa ma semiconductors ndi ma microchips ukhoza kukulitsidwa kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga ma chips ang'onoang'ono komanso apamwamba.

Kusinthidwa kwa Ma Diode Otulutsa Kuwala Kwachilengedwe (OLEDs)

OLED, chidule cha Organic Light Emitting Diode, ndi chipangizo chopyapyala chopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi semiconductor za organic. Ma OLED ali ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso kuwala kochepa poyerekeza ndi ma LED achikhalidwe. Ngakhale ma OLED ndi otsika mtengo kupanga kuposa ma LED achikhalidwe, kuwala kwawo ndi moyo wawo sizili zokwera kwambiri.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa kusintha kwa ukadaulo wa OLED, kusintha kwa protium ndi deuterium kwapezeka kuti ndi njira yabwino. Izi zili choncho chifukwa deuterium imalimbitsa ma bond a mankhwala mu zinthu za semiconductor za organic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu OLED, zomwe zimabweretsa zabwino zingapo: Kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chipangizocho chikhale ndi moyo wautali.