Mu 2018, msika wamagesi wapadziko lonse lapansi wamagawo ophatikizika adafika $4.512 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi 16%. Kukula kwakukulu kwamakampani apadera amagetsi amagetsi opangira ma semiconductors komanso kukula kwa msika waukulu kwathandizira dongosolo lolowa m'malo mwamagetsi apadera amagetsi!
Kodi electron gasi ndi chiyani?
Mpweya wamagetsi umatanthawuza zinthu zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma semiconductors, mawonedwe apamwamba, ma diode otulutsa kuwala, ma cell a solar ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa, etching, kupanga filimu, doping ndi njira zina. Magawo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito gasi wamagetsi akuphatikizapo makampani opanga zamagetsi, ma cell a dzuwa, mauthenga a m'manja, kuyendetsa galimoto ndi makina omvera ndi mavidiyo a galimoto, ndege, makampani ankhondo ndi zina zambiri.
Mpweya wapadera wamagetsi ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi awiri malinga ndi zomwe zikuchokera: silicon, arsenic, phosphorous, boron, hydride zitsulo, halide ndi zitsulo alkoxide. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito m'mabwalo ophatikizika, amatha kugawidwa kukhala gasi wa doping, gasi wa epitaxy, gasi woyikira ion, mpweya wotulutsa mpweya wa diode, mpweya wa etching, gasi woyika mpweya wamankhwala ndi mpweya wokwanira. Pali mipweya yapadera yopitilira 110 yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opanga ma semiconductor, omwe oposa 30 amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, makampani opanga semiconductor amagawa mpweya m'mitundu iwiri: mpweya wamba ndi mpweya wapadera. Pakati pawo, gasi ambiri ntchito amatanthauza kotunga chapakati ndi ntchito mpweya wambiri, monga N2, H2, O2, Ar, Iye, etc. Special mpweya amatanthauza mpweya wina mankhwala ntchito m'kati kupanga semiconductor kupanga, monga kutambasuka, jekeseni ion, kusanganikirana, kutsuka, ndi chigoba mapangidwe, chimene ife tsopano tikuchitcha magetsi wapadera mpweya, 3H-PH, 3H-PH, 6H, B3H, PH-3H, 4H N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, HCl, Cl2, etc.
Pazinthu zonse zopanga mafakitale a semiconductor, kuchokera ku kukula kwa chip kupita ku phukusi lomaliza la chipangizocho, pafupifupi ulalo uliwonse ndi wosalekanitsidwa ndi gasi wapadera wamagetsi, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya gasi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zofunikira zapamwamba kwambiri, motero mpweya wamagetsi umakhala ndi zida za semiconductor. "Chakudya".
M'zaka zaposachedwa, zida zazikulu zamagetsi zaku China monga ma semiconductors ndi mapanelo owonetsera zawonjezeka pakupanga kwatsopano, ndipo pakufunika kwambiri kulowetsa m'malo mwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Udindo wa mpweya wamagetsi pamakampani a semiconductor wakhala ukuchulukirachulukira. Makampani amagetsi apamagetsi apanyumba adzabweretsa kukula kofulumira.
Mpweya wapadera wamagetsi umakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri za chiyero, chifukwa ngati chiyero sichikwanira, magulu odetsedwa monga mpweya wa madzi ndi mpweya mu mpweya wapadera wamagetsi amatha kupanga filimu ya okusayidi pamwamba pa semiconductor, yomwe imakhudza moyo wautumiki wa zipangizo zamagetsi, ndipo mpweya wapadera wamagetsi uli ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta semiconductor. Tinganene kuti kusintha kwa chiyero kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga zipangizo zamagetsi.
Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha mafakitale a semiconductor, njira yopangira chip ikupitilirabe bwino, ndipo tsopano yafika pa 5nm, yomwe yatsala pang'ono kuyandikira malire a Lamulo la Moore, lomwe ndi lofanana ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo makumi awiri a mainchesi a tsitsi la munthu (pafupifupi 0.1 mm). Chifukwa chake, izi zimayikanso patsogolo zofunikira pachiyero chamagetsi apadera amagetsi opangidwa ndi semiconductors.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-15-2021
