Mu 2018, msika wapadziko lonse wa gasi wamagetsi wamagetsi wamagetsi ophatikizidwa unafika pa US$4.512 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 16%. Kukula kwakukulu kwa makampani opanga gasi wapadera wamagetsi amagetsi a semiconductors ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa msika kwathandizira dongosolo losinthira gasi wapadera wamagetsi mdziko muno!
Kodi mpweya wa ma elekitironi ndi chiyani?
Mpweya wamagetsi umatanthauza zinthu zoyambira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma semiconductors, flat panel displays, ma light-emitting diodes, ma solar cell ndi zinthu zina zamagetsi, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa, kupukuta, kupanga mafilimu, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi njira zina. Madera akuluakulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpweya wamagetsi ndi monga makampani amagetsi, ma solar cell, kulumikizana ndi mafoni, kuyenda kwa magalimoto ndi makina amawu ndi makanema agalimoto, ndege, makampani ankhondo ndi madera ena ambiri.
Mpweya wapadera wamagetsi ukhoza kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi awiri malinga ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala: silicon, arsenic, phosphorous, boron, metal hydride, halide ndi metal alkoxide. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwiritsira ntchito m'magawo ophatikizika, ukhoza kugawidwa m'magawo ophatikizana monga mpweya wa doping, mpweya wa epitaxy, mpweya woyika ma ion, mpweya wotulutsa kuwala, mpweya wochotsa nthunzi ya mankhwala ndi mpweya wolinganiza. Pali mpweya wapadera woposa 110 womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga ma semiconductor, womwe woposa 30 umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, makampani opanga ma semiconductor amagawa mpweya m'mitundu iwiri: mpweya wamba ndi mpweya wapadera. Pakati pawo, mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri umatanthauza mpweya wapakati ndipo umagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wambiri, monga N2, H2, O2, Ar, He, ndi zina zotero. Mpweya wapadera umatanthauza mpweya wina wa mankhwala womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma semiconductor, monga kuwonjezera, kulowetsa ma ion, kusakaniza, kutsuka, ndi kupanga masks, zomwe tsopano timatcha mpweya wapadera wamagetsi, monga SiH4, PH3, AsH3, B2H6, N2O, NH3, SF6, NF3, CF4, BCl3, BF3, HCl, Cl2, ndi zina zotero.
Mu njira yonse yopangira mafakitale a semiconductor, kuyambira kukula kwa chip mpaka kuyika zida zomaliza, pafupifupi ulalo uliwonse sungasiyanitsidwe ndi mpweya wapadera wamagetsi, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya wogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso zofunikira zapamwamba, kotero mpweya wamagetsi uli ndi zida za semiconductor. "Chakudya".
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zida zazikulu zamagetsi ku China monga ma semiconductor ndi ma display panels zawonjezeka mphamvu zatsopano zopangira, ndipo pali kufunika kwakukulu kwa zinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimalowetsedwa kunja. Malo a mpweya wamagetsi mumakampani opanga ma semiconductor atchuka kwambiri. Makampani opanga magetsi amagetsi am'dziko muno adzayambitsa kukula mwachangu.
Mpweya wapadera wamagetsi uli ndi zofunikira kwambiri pa kuyera, chifukwa ngati kuyera sikukwaniritsa zofunikira, magulu odetsedwa monga nthunzi yamadzi ndi mpweya mu mpweya wapadera wamagetsi amapanga filimu ya oxide pamwamba pa semiconductor mosavuta, zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa ntchito ya zida zamagetsi, ndipo mpweya wapadera wamagetsi uli ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinthu zodetsedwa zomwe zingayambitse ma semiconductor short circuits ndi kuwonongeka kwa ma circuits. Tinganene kuti kusintha kwa kuyera kumachita gawo lofunikira pakupanga ndi kugwira ntchito bwino kwa zida zamagetsi.
Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha makampani opanga ma semiconductor, njira yopangira ma chip ikupitilirabe kusintha, ndipo tsopano yafika pa 5nm, yomwe ili pafupi kufika pa malire a Moore's Law, omwe ndi ofanana ndi gawo limodzi mwa makumi awiri a m'mimba mwake wa tsitsi la munthu (pafupifupi 0.1 mm). Chifukwa chake, izi zikuwonjezeranso zofunikira zapamwamba pa kuyera kwa mpweya wapadera wamagetsi wopangidwa ndi ma semiconductor.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-15-2021
