Nitrous oxide, yomwe imadziwika kuti gasi loseka kapena nitrous, ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi oxide wa nayitrogeni okhala ndi fomula ya N2O.

Chiyambi cha Zamalonda

Nitrous oxide, yomwe imadziwika kuti gasi loseka kapena nitrous, ndi mankhwala, okosidi wa nayitrogeni yokhala ndi fomula ya N2O. Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, ndi mpweya wosayaka wopanda mtundu, wokhala ndi fungo lachitsulo komanso kukoma pang'ono. Pa kutentha kwakukulu, nitrous oxide ndi okosijeni wamphamvu wofanana ndi mpweya wa mamolekyulu.

Nitrous oxide imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'chipatala, makamaka mu opaleshoni ndi mano, chifukwa cha mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso kuchepetsa ululu. Dzina lake "gasi woseka", lopangidwa ndi Humphry Davy, limachokera ku zotsatira zake zosangalatsa akamapuma, zomwe zapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mosangalatsa ngati mankhwala oletsa ululu osagwirizana. Ili pamndandanda wa Mankhwala Ofunika Kwambiri a World Health Organization, mankhwala ogwira mtima komanso otetezeka omwe amafunikira kwambiri pa thanzi.[2] Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chowonjezera mphamvu mu ma rocket propellants, komanso mu mpikisano wamagalimoto kuti iwonjezere mphamvu zamagetsi zamainjini.

Kufotokozera

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Zachipatala
Nitrous oxide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mano ndi opaleshoni, monga mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso ochepetsa ululu, kuyambira mu 1844.

zamagetsi
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi silane poika nthunzi ya mankhwala m'zigawo za silicon nitride; amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pokonza kutentha mwachangu kuti apange ma gate oxides abwino kwambiri.

Kulongedza ndi Kutumiza

Njira zothandizira koyamba

KUPUMA MPWEYA: Ngati zotsatirapo zoyipa zachitika, zichotseni pamalo osaipitsidwa. Ngati simunazigwiritse ntchito, perekani mpweya wochita kupanga.

Kupuma. Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, mpweya uyenera kuperekedwa ndi anthu oyenerera. Pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.

chithandizo chamankhwala.

KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO KHUMBA: Ngati chisanu chayamba kuzizira, tsukani nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ofunda ambiri (105-115 F; 41-46 C). MUSAGWIRITSE NTCHITO MADZI OTCHUKA. Ngati madzi ofunda sakupezeka, kulungani pang'onopang'ono mbali zomwe zakhudzidwazo

Pezani chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu.

KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO MASO: Sambitsani maso ndi madzi ambiri.

KUMERA: Ngati mwameza mowa wambiri, pitani kuchipatala.

CHIDZIWITSO KWA DOKOTALA: Pakupuma, ganizirani za mpweya.

Ntchito

1. Ma injini a roketi

Nitrous oxide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chotenthetsera mpweya mu injini ya roketi. Izi ndi zabwino kuposa zotenthetsera zina chifukwa sizimangokhala zopanda poizoni, komanso chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kutentha kwa chipinda, zimakhala zosavuta kusunga komanso zotetezeka kunyamula paulendo. Monga phindu lachiwiri, zimatha kuwola mosavuta kuti zipange mpweya wopuma. Kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu komanso kupanikizika kochepa kosungira (kukasungidwa kutentha kochepa) kumathandiza kuti ikhale yopikisana kwambiri ndi makina osungira mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri.

2. Injini yoyaka mkati —(Injini ya nitrous oxide)

Mu mpikisano wa magalimoto, nitrous oxide (yomwe nthawi zambiri imatchedwa "nitrous") imalola injini kuyatsa mafuta ambiri mwa kupereka mpweya wochuluka kuposa mpweya wokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyaka kwamphamvu kwambiri.

Nitrous oxide yamadzimadzi yochokera ku magalimoto imasiyana pang'ono ndi nitrous oxide yochokera ku mankhwala. Sulphur dioxide (SO2) yochepa imawonjezedwa kuti ipewe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo molakwika. Kusamba kangapo kudzera mu maziko (monga sodium hydroxide) kumatha kuchotsa izi, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu zowononga zomwe zimawonedwa pamene SO2 imawotchedwanso ikayamba kuyaka kukhala sulfuric acid, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya woipa ukhale woyera.

3. Chotulutsira mpweya wa aerosol

Mpweyawu wavomerezedwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera chakudya (chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti E942), makamaka ngati chopopera cha aerosol. Ntchito zake zodziwika kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi m'mabokosi a aerosol whipped cream, ma spray ophikira, komanso ngati mpweya wopanda mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa mpweya kuti ulepheretse kukula kwa mabakiteriya akamadzaza mapaketi a mbatata ndi zakudya zina zofanana.

Mofananamo, mankhwala opopera kuphika, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta ophatikizidwa ndi lecithin (emulsifier), angagwiritse ntchito nitrous oxide ngati chopopera. Mankhwala ena opopera kuphika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mowa wopangidwa ndi chakudya ndi propane.

4. Mankhwala——– Nitrous oxide (mankhwala)

Nitrous oxide yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mano ndi opaleshoni, monga mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso ochepetsa ululu, kuyambira mu 1844.

Nitrous oxide ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu ofooka, motero nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha mu mankhwala oletsa ululu, koma amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya wonyamulira (wosakanikirana ndi mpweya) pa mankhwala amphamvu kwambiri oletsa ululu monga sevoflurane kapena desflurane. Ili ndi kuchuluka kochepa kwa alveolar kwa 105% ndi coefficient ya magazi/gas partition ya 0.46. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito nitrous oxide mu mankhwala oletsa ululu kungapangitse kuti munthu asamamve bwino komanso asamve bwino pambuyo pa opaleshoni.

Ku Britain ndi Canada, Entonox ndi Nitronox amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ogwira ntchito ku ambulansi (kuphatikizapo akatswiri osalembetsa) ngati mpweya wochepetsa ululu mwachangu komanso wogwira mtima kwambiri.

Ogwira ntchito yothandiza anthu odziwa bwino ntchito omwe si akatswiri pa chithandizo choyamba angaganizidwe kuti agwiritse ntchito 50% nitrous oxide m'malo operekera chithandizo choyamba asanapite kuchipatala, chifukwa cha kusavuta komanso chitetezo chogwiritsa ntchito 50% nitrous oxide ngati mankhwala ochepetsa ululu. Kubwezeredwa mwachangu kwa mphamvu yake kungalepheretsenso kuti isadziwike.

5. Kugwiritsa ntchito zosangalatsa

Kupuma mpweya wa nitrous oxide mosangalala, ndi cholinga choyambitsa chisangalalo ndi/kapena kuona zinthu pang'ono, kunayamba ngati chochitika cha anthu apamwamba aku Britain mu 1799, chomwe chimadziwika kuti "maphwando oseketsa a gasi".

Ku United Kingdom, pofika mu 2014, nitrous oxide inayerekezeredwa kuti ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi achinyamata pafupifupi theka la miliyoni pa malo ochitira masewera ausiku, zikondwerero, ndi maphwando. Kuvomerezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito kumeneku kumasiyana kwambiri malinga ndi dziko, komanso ngakhale mzinda ndi mzinda m'maiko ena.