Lembani fomu ili pansipa ndipo tidzakutumizirani imelo ya PDF ya “Kusintha kwatsopano kwa ukadaulo kuti musinthe carbon dioxide kukhala mafuta amadzimadzi”
Mpweya wa kaboni dayokisaidi (CO2) ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku mafuta oyaka ndi mpweya woipa kwambiri womwe umapezeka m'mlengalenga, womwe ungasinthidwe kukhala mafuta othandiza m'njira yokhazikika. Njira imodzi yodalirika yosinthira mpweya wa CO2 kukhala chakudya chamafuta ndi njira yotchedwa kuchepetsa kwa electrochemical. Koma kuti ikhale yothandiza pamalonda, njirayi iyenera kukonzedwa kuti isankhe kapena kupanga zinthu zambiri zomwe zimafunidwa zokhala ndi kaboni. Tsopano, monga momwe zanenedwera mu magazini ya Nature Energy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) yapanga njira yatsopano yowongolera pamwamba pa chothandizira cha mkuwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira, potero kuwonjezera kusankha kwa njirayi.
“Ngakhale tikudziwa kuti mkuwa ndiye chothandizira kwambiri pa izi, sichipereka kusankha kwakukulu kwa chinthu chomwe mukufuna,” anatero Alexis, wasayansi wamkulu mu Dipatimenti ya Sayansi ya Zamankhwala ku Berkeley Lab komanso pulofesa wa uinjiniya wa mankhwala ku University of California, Berkeley. Spell anati. “Gulu lathu lapeza kuti mungagwiritse ntchito malo am'deralo a chothandizira kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti mupereke kusankha kwamtunduwu.”
Mu kafukufuku wakale, ofufuza adakhazikitsa mikhalidwe yeniyeni kuti apereke malo abwino kwambiri amagetsi ndi mankhwala opangira zinthu zokhala ndi kaboni wambiri zomwe zimakhala ndi phindu la malonda. Koma mikhalidwe imeneyi ndi yosiyana ndi mikhalidwe yomwe imachitika mwachilengedwe m'maselo amafuta wamba pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoyendetsera madzi.
Pofuna kudziwa kapangidwe kamene kangagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo osungira mafuta, monga gawo la pulojekiti ya Energy Innovation Center ya Ministry of Energy's Liquid Sunshine Alliance, Bell ndi gulu lake adagwiritsa ntchito ionomer yopyapyala, yomwe imalola mamolekyu ena (ma ion) oyendetsedwa kuti adutse. Musaphatikizepo ma ion ena. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zosankhidwa bwino za mankhwala, ndi oyenera kwambiri kukhala ndi mphamvu yaikulu pa chilengedwe.
Chanyeon Kim, wofufuza wotsatira maphunziro a postdoctoral mu gulu la Bell komanso wolemba woyamba wa pepalali, adapereka lingaliro lopaka pamwamba pa ma catalyst amkuwa ndi ma ionomer awiri ofanana, Nafion ndi Sustaination. Gululo linaganiza kuti kuchita izi kuyenera kusintha malo omwe ali pafupi ndi catalyst—kuphatikizapo pH ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi carbon dioxide—m'njira ina kuti atsogolere zomwe zimachitika kuti apange zinthu zokhala ndi carbon zomwe zingasinthidwe mosavuta kukhala mankhwala othandiza. Zogulitsa ndi mafuta amadzimadzi.
Ofufuzawo anagwiritsa ntchito gawo lochepa la ionomer iliyonse ndi gawo lachiwiri la ionomer ziwiri ku filimu yamkuwa yothandizidwa ndi zinthu za polima kuti apange filimu, yomwe akanatha kuiyika pafupi ndi mapeto a selo yamagetsi yooneka ngati dzanja. Akalowetsa carbon dioxide mu batire ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, anayeza mphamvu yonse yomwe ikuyenda mu batire. Kenako anayeza mpweya ndi madzi omwe anasonkhanitsidwa mu dziwe lapafupi panthawi ya reaction. Pa bokosi la magawo awiri, adapeza kuti zinthu zokhala ndi carbon yambiri zinali 80% ya mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi reaction - zoposa 60% mu bokosi losaphimbidwa.
"Chophimba cha masangweji ichi chimapereka zabwino kwambiri pazinthu zonse ziwiri: kusankha bwino zinthu komanso kuchita zinthu zambiri," adatero Bell. Malo okhala ndi zigawo ziwiri siabwino kokha pazinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wochuluka, komanso amapanga mphamvu yamagetsi nthawi imodzi, zomwe zikusonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa ntchito.
Ofufuzawo adatsimikiza kuti kuyankha bwino kumeneku kudachitika chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa CO2 komwe kudasonkhanitsidwa mu utoto womwe uli pamwamba pa mkuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mamolekyu omwe ali ndi mphamvu yoipa omwe amasonkhana m'dera lomwe lili pakati pa ma ionomer awiriwa amatulutsa acidity yochepa. Kuphatikiza kumeneku kumathetsa kusiyana kwa kuchuluka komwe kumachitika popanda mafilimu a ionomer.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la kuchitapo kanthu, ofufuzawo adagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo womwe udatsimikiziridwa kale womwe sufuna filimu ya ionoma ngati njira ina yowonjezera CO2 ndi pH: mphamvu ya pulsed. Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya pulsed ku chophimba cha ionoma cha zigawo ziwiri, ofufuzawo adapeza kuwonjezeka kwa 250% kwa zinthu zokhala ndi kaboni poyerekeza ndi mkuwa wosaphimbidwa ndi mphamvu ya static.
Ngakhale ofufuza ena amaika patsogolo ntchito yawo pakupanga ma catalyst atsopano, kupeza ma catalyst sikuganizira momwe ntchito ikuyendera. Kulamulira chilengedwe pamwamba pa catalyst ndi njira yatsopano komanso yosiyana.
“Sitinapeze chothandizira chatsopano, koma tinagwiritsa ntchito kumvetsetsa kwathu kwa reaction kinetics ndipo tinagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kutitsogolera poganizira momwe tingasinthire malo olumikizirana mphamvu,” anatero Adam Weber, mainjiniya wamkulu. Asayansi mu gawo la ukadaulo wa mphamvu ku Berkeley Laboratories komanso wolemba nawo mapepala.
Gawo lotsatira ndikukulitsa kupanga ma catalyst okhala ndi zokutira. Kuyesa koyambirira kwa gulu la Berkeley Lab kunaphatikizapo machitidwe ang'onoang'ono athyathyathya, omwe anali osavuta kwambiri kuposa mapangidwe akuluakulu okhala ndi ma pore omwe amafunikira pa ntchito zamalonda. "Sikovuta kugwiritsa ntchito chophimba pamalo osalala. Koma njira zamalonda zitha kuphatikiza kuphimba mipira yaying'ono yamkuwa," adatero Bell. Kuwonjezera gawo lachiwiri la chophimba kumakhala kovuta. Njira imodzi ndiyo kusakaniza ndikuyika zokutira ziwirizi pamodzi mu solvent, ndikuyembekeza kuti zidzapatukana pamene solvent itha. Nanga bwanji ngati sizitero? Bell adamaliza kuti: "Tikungofunika kukhala anzeru." Onani Kim C, Bui JC, Luo X ndi ena. Zolengedwa zamtundu wa catalyst zochepetsera CO2 kuzinthu zambiri za kaboni pogwiritsa ntchito double-layer ionomer coating pa mkuwa. Nat Energy. 2021;6(11):1026-1034. doi:10.1038/s41560-021-00920-8
Nkhaniyi yatengedwa kuchokera ku nkhani zotsatirazi. Dziwani: Nkhaniyi mwina yasinthidwa malinga ndi kutalika ndi zomwe zili mkati mwake. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, chonde funsani gwero lomwe latchulidwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-22-2021
