Opanga ma chip akukumana ndi mavuto atsopano. Makampaniwa ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha zoopsa zatsopano pambuyo poti mliri wa COVID-19 wabweretsa mavuto pa unyolo wogulira zinthu. Russia, imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi ogulitsa mpweya wabwino womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma semiconductor, yayamba kuchepetsa kutumiza kunja kumayiko omwe imawaona kuti ndi otsutsana nawo. Awa ndi mpweya wotchedwa "wabwino" monganeon, argon ndiheliamu.
Ichi ndi chida china chomwe Putin ali nacho pa zachuma pa mayiko omwe adapereka zilango ku Moscow chifukwa cholanda Ukraine. Nkhondo isanayambe, Russia ndi Ukraine pamodzi zinali pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya ndalama zomwe zimaperekedwa.neonGasi wa ma semiconductor ndi zida zamagetsi, malinga ndi Bain & Company. Zoletsa kutumiza kunja zikubwera panthawi yomwe makampani ndi makasitomala ake akuyamba kutuluka muvuto lalikulu la kupezeka kwa zinthu. Chaka chatha, opanga magalimoto adachepetsa kwambiri kupanga magalimoto chifukwa cha kusowa kwa ma chip, malinga ndi LMC Automotive. Kutumiza katundu kukuyembekezeka kukhala bwino mu theka lachiwiri la chaka.
Neonimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ma semiconductor chifukwa imaphatikizapo njira yotchedwa lithography. Mpweyawu umalamulira kutalika kwa mafunde a kuwala komwe kumapangidwa ndi laser, komwe kumalemba "zotsalira" pa silicon wafer. Nkhondo isanayambe, Russia idasonkhanitsa zinthu zosaphika.neonmonga chinthu chowonjezera pa mafakitale ake achitsulo ndipo anachitumiza ku Ukraine kuti chiyeretsedwe. Mayiko onsewa anali opanga kwambiri mpweya wabwino wa nthawi ya Soviet Union, womwe Soviet Union idagwiritsa ntchito popanga ukadaulo wankhondo ndi mlengalenga, komabe nkhondo ku Ukraine idawononga kwambiri mphamvu zamakampani. Nkhondo yoopsa m'mizinda ina ya ku Ukraine, kuphatikiza Mariupol ndi Odessa, yawononga malo a mafakitale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kutumiza katundu kuchokera m'derali.
Kumbali ina, kuyambira pomwe Russia idaukira Crimea mu 2014, opanga ma semiconductor padziko lonse lapansi pang'onopang'ono akhala akudalira kwambiri derali.neonGasi ku Ukraine ndi Russia m'mbuyomu wakhala pakati pa 80% ndi 90%, koma watsika kuyambira 2014. Ndi koyambirira kwambiri kunena momwe ziletso za Russia zotumizira kunja zidzakhudzira opanga ma semiconductor. Pakadali pano, nkhondo ku Ukraine sinasokoneze kupezeka kwa ma chips nthawi zonse.
Koma ngakhale opanga atatha kulipira zomwe zatayika m'derali, akhoza kulipira ndalama zambiri pa gasi wofunika kwambiri. Mitengo yawo nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kuitsata chifukwa ambiri amagulitsidwa kudzera m'mapangano achinsinsi a nthawi yayitali, koma malinga ndi CNN, potchula akatswiri, mtengo wa gasi wa neon wakwera kasanu kuyambira pomwe Ukraine idalowa ndipo idzakhalabe pamlingo uwu kwa nthawi yayitali.
South Korea, komwe kuli kampani yayikulu yaukadaulo ya Samsung, idzakhala yoyamba kumva "kupweteka" chifukwa imadalira kwambiri mafuta abwino ochokera kunja ndipo, mosiyana ndi US, Japan ndi Europe, ilibe makampani akuluakulu amafuta omwe angawonjezere kupanga. Chaka chatha, Samsung idapambana Intel ku United States kukhala kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga ma semiconductor. Mayiko tsopano akuthamanga kuti awonjezere mphamvu zawo zopangira ma chip pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri za mliriwu, zomwe zidawasiya akukumana ndi kusakhazikika kwa unyolo wopereka padziko lonse lapansi.
Intel inadzipereka kuthandiza boma la US ndipo koyambirira kwa chaka chino inalengeza kuti idzayika ndalama zokwana madola 20 biliyoni m'mafakitale awiri atsopano. Chaka chatha, Samsung inalonjezanso kumanga fakitale ya madola 17 biliyoni ku Texas. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga ma chip kungayambitse kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mpweya wabwino. Pamene Russia ikuopseza kuchepetsa kutumiza kunja, China ikhoza kukhala imodzi mwa opambana kwambiri, chifukwa ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso yatsopano yopanga. Kuyambira mu 2015, China yakhala ikuyika ndalama mumakampani ake opanga ma semiconductor, kuphatikizapo zida zofunika kuti zilekanitse mpweya wabwino ndi zinthu zina zamafakitale.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-23-2022
