Opanga tchipisi akukumana ndi zovuta zatsopano. Makampaniwa ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa cha zoopsa zatsopano pambuyo poti mliri wa COVID-19 udayambitsa mavuto azakudya. Dziko la Russia, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali m’gulu la mayiko amene amapereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri padziko lonse wogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma semiconductor, layamba kuletsa kutumizidwa kunja kumayiko amene amawaona kuti ndi oipa. Izi zimatchedwa "zolemekezeka" mpweya monganeon,argon ndihelium.
Ichi ndi chida chinanso champhamvu cha Putin pazachuma kumayiko omwe apereka zilango ku Moscow chifukwa cholanda Ukraine. Nkhondo isanayambe, Russia ndi Ukraine pamodzi ankawerengera pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya katundu waneonmpweya wama semiconductors ndi zida zamagetsi, malinga ndi Bain & Company. Zoletsa zotumiza kunja zimabwera panthawi yomwe makampani ndi makasitomala ake ayamba kutuluka m'mavuto ovuta kwambiri. Chaka chatha, opanga magalimoto adadula kwambiri kupanga magalimoto chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa chip, malinga ndi LMC Automotive. Zotumizira zikuyembekezeka kuwongolera mu theka lachiwiri la chaka.
Neonimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga semiconductor chifukwa imakhudza njira yotchedwa lithography. Mpweyawu umayang'anira kutalika kwa kuwala komwe kumapangidwa ndi laser, yomwe imalemba "trace" pa silicon wafer. Nkhondo isanayambe, Russia inasonkhanitsa yaiwisineonmonga mwa-katundu pa zomera zake zitsulo ndi kutumizidwa ku Ukraine kuti ayeretsedwe. Mayiko onsewa anali opanga kwambiri mpweya wabwino wa nthawi ya Soviet, womwe Soviet Union idagwiritsa ntchito popanga zida zankhondo ndi zakuthambo, komabe nkhondo ya ku Ukraine idawononga mphamvu zamakampaniwo. Kumenyana koopsa m’mizinda ina ya ku Ukraine, kuphatikizapo Mariupol ndi Odessa, kwawononga malo ogulitsa mafakitale, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti zikhale zovuta kwambiri kutumiza katundu kuchokera m’derali.
Kumbali ina, kuyambira kuukira kwa Russia ku Crimea mu 2014, opanga semiconductor padziko lonse lapansi pang'onopang'ono ayamba kudalira kwambiri derali. Gawo lopereka laneongasi ku Ukraine ndi Russia m'mbiri yakhala pakati pa 80% ndi 90%, koma watsika kuyambira 2014. zosakwana gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu. Ndikoyamba kwambiri kunena momwe zoletsa zaku Russia zotumiza kunja zingakhudzire opanga semiconductor. Pakadali pano, nkhondo ku Ukraine sinasokoneze kupezeka kwa tchipisi.
Koma ngakhale opanga atha kubweza zomwe zidatayika m'derali, atha kukhala akulipira kwambiri gasi wofunikira kwambiri. Mitengo yawo nthawi zambiri imakhala yovuta kutsatira chifukwa ambiri amagulitsidwa kudzera m'mapangano a nthawi yayitali, koma malinga ndi CNN, potchula akatswiri, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa gasi wa neon wakwera kasanu kuyambira kuukira kwa Ukraine ndipo udzabweretsa kukhalabe pamlingo uwu. nthawi yayitali.
South Korea, kunyumba kwa chimphona chatekinoloje Samsung, adzakhala woyamba kumva "ululu" chifukwa amadalira pafupifupi kwathunthu pa katundu wolemekezeka gasi ndipo, mosiyana US, Japan ndi Europe, alibe makampani gasi akuluakulu amene angathe kuonjezera kupanga. Chaka chatha, Samsung Idaposa Intel ku United States kukhala wopanga wamkulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa semiconductor. Maiko tsopano akuthamangira kuti akweze mphamvu zawo zopangira chip patatha zaka ziwiri za mliri, kuwasiya akukumana ndi kusakhazikika kwapadziko lonse lapansi.
Intel idadzipereka kuthandiza boma la US ndipo koyambirira kwa chaka chino idalengeza kuti idzagulitsa $20 biliyoni m'mafakitale awiri atsopano. Chaka chatha, Samsung idalonjezanso kumanga fakitale ya $ 17 biliyoni ku Texas. Kuwonjezeka kwa kupanga chip kungayambitse kufunikira kwakukulu kwa mpweya wabwino. Pamene Russia ikuwopseza kuchepetsa kutumizira kunja, China ikhoza kukhala imodzi mwa opambana kwambiri, popeza ili ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso zatsopano zopangira. Kuyambira chaka cha 2015, China yakhala ikugulitsa ndalama zake m'makampani ake a semiconductor, kuphatikiza zida zofunikira kuti zilekanitse mpweya wabwino ndi zinthu zina zamafakitale.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-23-2022
