Methane ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chilinganizo chamankhwala CH4 (atomu imodzi ya kaboni ndi maatomu anayi a haidrojeni).

Chiyambi cha Zamalonda

Methane ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chilinganizo chamankhwala CH4 (atomu imodzi ya kaboni ndi maatomu anayi a haidrojeni). Ndi gulu-14 hydride komanso alkane yosavuta kwambiri, ndipo ndiye gawo lalikulu la gasi. Kuchuluka kwa methane padziko lapansi kumapangitsa kuti ikhale mafuta owoneka bwino, ngakhale kuigwira ndikuyisunga kumabweretsa zovuta chifukwa cha mpweya wake womwe umakhala wabwinobwino chifukwa cha kutentha ndi kupanikizika.
Methane yachilengedwe imapezeka pansi komanso pansi pa nyanja. Ikafika kumtunda ndi mumlengalenga, imatchedwa atmospheric methane. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa methane padziko lapansi kwachulukira pafupifupi 150% kuyambira 1750, ndipo ndi gawo la 20% la mphamvu zonse zotulutsa mpweya kuchokera ku mpweya wowonjezera kutentha womwe wakhalapo nthawi yayitali komanso wosakanikirana padziko lonse lapansi.

Kufotokozera

Kupaka & Kutumiza

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Monga Mafuta
Methane amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta opangira uvuni, nyumba, zotenthetsera madzi, ng'anjo, magalimoto, ma turbines, ndi zinthu zina. Imayaka ndi mpweya kuti ipange moto.

Mu Chemical Viwanda
Methane imasandulika mpweya wa tosynthesis, wosakaniza wa carbon monoxide ndi haidrojeni, ndi kusintha kwa nthunzi.

Ntchito

Methane imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale opangira mankhwala ndipo imatha kunyamulidwa ngati madzi afiriji (gasi wachilengedwe wokhala ndi liquefied, kapena LNG). Ngakhale kuchucha kuchokera mumtsuko wamadzi mufiriji kumakhala kolemera kuposa mpweya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wozizira, mpweya wozungulira kutentha ndi wopepuka kuposa mpweya. Mapaipi a gasi amagawira mpweya wambiri wachilengedwe, womwe methane ndiye gawo lalikulu.

1. Mafuta
Methane imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta opangira uvuni, nyumba, zotenthetsera madzi, ng'anjo, magalimoto, makina opangira magetsi, ndi zinthu zina. Amayaka ndi mpweya kuti apange kutentha.

2.Gasi wachilengedwe
Methane ndi yofunika popanga magetsi poyatsa ngati mafuta mu turbine ya gasi kapena jenereta ya nthunzi. Poyerekeza ndi mafuta ena a hydrocarbon, methane imatulutsa mpweya wocheperako pagawo lililonse la kutentha lomwe limatulutsidwa. Pafupifupi 891 kJ/mol, kutentha kwa methane ndikotsika kuposa hydrocarbon ina iliyonse koma chiŵerengero cha kutentha kwa moto (891 kJ/mol) ndi molecular mass (16.0 g/mol, pomwe 12.0 g/mol ndi carbon) imasonyeza kuti methane, pokhala hydrocarbon yosavuta kwambiri, imapanga kutentha kwakukulu pamtundu uliwonse (55.7 kJ/g) kuposa ma hydrocarbon ena ovuta. M’mizinda yambiri, methane amaponyedwa m’nyumba kuti azitenthetsera m’nyumba ndi kuphika. M'nkhaniyi nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti gasi wachilengedwe, omwe amawerengedwa kuti ali ndi mphamvu zokwana ma megajoules 39 pa kiyubiki mita, kapena 1,000 BTU pa phazi imodzi ya kiyubiki.

Methane mu mawonekedwe a gasi woponderezedwa amagwiritsiridwa ntchito ngati mafuta agalimoto ndipo amati ndi okonda zachilengedwe kuposa mafuta ena oyambira pansi monga mafuta / petulo ndi dizilo. .

3.Gasi wosungunuka
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) ndi gasi wachilengedwe (makamaka methane, CH4) omwe asinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe amadzimadzi kuti asungidwe mosavuta kapena kunyamula.

Gasi wachilengedwe wokhala ndi liquefied amakhala pafupifupi 1/600th kuchuluka kwa gasi wachilengedwe mugawo la mpweya. Ndiwopanda fungo, wopanda mtundu, wopanda poizoni komanso wosawononga. Zowopsa zimaphatikizapo kuyaka pambuyo pa nthunzi kukhala mpweya, kuzizira, ndi asphyxia.

4.Liquid-methane rocket mafuta
Methane yamadzi yoyeretsedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a rocket. Methane akuti amapereka mwayi kuposa palafini poyika mpweya wochepa m'kati mwa ma rocket motors, kuchepetsa vuto logwiritsanso ntchito zowonjezera.

Methane ndi yochuluka m'madera ambiri a Solar system ndipo ikhoza kutengedwa pamwamba pa gulu lina la dzuwa (makamaka, pogwiritsa ntchito methane kuchokera ku zipangizo zapafupi zomwe zimapezeka ku Mars kapena Titan), kupereka mafuta obwerera.

5.Chemical feedstock
Methane imasandulika kukhala gasi wa synthesis, wosakaniza wa carbon monoxide ndi haidrojeni, posintha nthunzi. Njira ya endergonic iyi (yofuna mphamvu) imagwiritsa ntchito zopangira ndipo imafuna kutentha kwambiri, pafupifupi 700-1100 ° C.

Njira zothandizira zoyamba

EyeContact:Palibe chofunika pa gasi. Ngati mukuganiziridwa kuti ndi chisanu, yambani m'maso ndi madzi ozizira kwa mphindi 15 ndipo pitani kuchipatala mwamsanga.
SkinContact:Palibe chofunika forgas. Ngati mukukumana ndi dermal kapena ngati mukuganiziridwa kuti ndi chisanu, chotsani zovala zomwe zawonongeka ndikutsuka malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi madzi ofunda. MUSAGWIRITSE NTCHITO MADZI OTSATIRA. Wodwala akuyenera kuwona wodwalayo mwachangu ngati kukhudzana ndi mankhwalawo kwachititsa matuza pamwamba kapena kuzizira kwambiri. .
Kukoka mpweya:KUCHENJEZERA KWA MEDICAL CHOFUNIKA M'NTHAWI ZONSE ZOPHUNZITSIDWA ZOPHUNZITSA. ONSE OTHANDIZA ANTHU AYENERA KUKHALA NDI ZINTHU ZONSE ZOMWE ZOMWE AMAPUMILA. Anthu omwe akudziwa bwino pokoka mpweya ayenera kuthandizidwa kumalo osakhudzidwa ndi kupuma mpweya wabwino. Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, perekani mpweya wa okosijeni. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chizindikiro komanso chothandizira.
Kudya:Palibe wogwiritsiridwa ntchito bwino.Pezani chithandizo chamankhwala ngati zizindikiro zachitika.
NotetoDong:Chitani ngati symptomatic.

Extraterrestrial methane
Methane yapezeka kapena amakhulupirira kuti ilipo pa mapulaneti onse a mapulaneti ozungulira dzuwa ndi miyezi yambiri yaikulu. Kupatulapo Mars, akukhulupirira kuti adachokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe.
Methane (CH4) pa Mars - magwero omwe angakhalepo ndi kumira.
Methane yaperekedwa kuti ikhale yopangira rocket paulendo wamtsogolo wa Mars chifukwa cha kuthekera kwakuti ipange padziko lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito gwero. [58] Kusintha kwa Sabatier methanation reaction kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi bedi losakanikirana lothandizira komanso kusintha kwa gasi wamadzi mu choyatsira chimodzi kuti apange methane kuchokera kuzinthu zopezeka ku Mars, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ochokera ku Martian subsoil ndi carbon dioxide mumlengalenga wa Mars. .

Methane ikhoza kupangidwa ndi njira yosakhala yachilengedwe yotchedwa ''serpentinization[a] yophatikizapo madzi, carbon dioxide, ndi mineral olivine, yomwe imadziwika kuti imapezeka ku Mars.