Methane ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi formula ya CH4 (atomu imodzi ya kaboni ndi maatomu anayi a haidrojeni).

Chiyambi cha Zamalonda

Methane ndi mankhwala omwe ali ndi formula ya CH4 (atomu imodzi ya kaboni ndi maatomu anayi a haidrojeni). Ndi gulu la hydride la gulu la 14 ndipo ndi alkane yosavuta, ndipo ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapanga mpweya wachilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwa methane padziko lapansi kumapangitsa kuti ikhale mafuta okongola, ngakhale kuti kuigwira ndikuisunga kumabweretsa zovuta chifukwa cha mpweya wake wabwinobwino pansi pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika.
Methane yachilengedwe imapezeka pansi pa nthaka komanso pansi pa nyanja. Ikafika pamwamba ndi mumlengalenga, imadziwika kuti methane ya mumlengalenga. Kuchuluka kwa methane ya mumlengalenga padziko lapansi kwawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 150% kuyambira mu 1750, ndipo imayimira 20% ya mphamvu yonse ya radiative kuchokera ku mpweya wonse wosakanikirana wowonjezera kutentha womwe wakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso wapadziko lonse lapansi.

Kufotokozera

Kulongedza ndi Kutumiza

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Monga Mafuta
Methane imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a uvuni, nyumba, zotenthetsera madzi, ma uvuni, magalimoto, ma turbine, ndi zinthu zina. Imayaka ndi mpweya kuti ipange moto.

Mu Makampani Ogulitsa Mankhwala
Methane imasinthidwa kukhala mpweya wopangidwa, chisakanizo cha carbon monoxide ndi hydrogen, mwa kusintha nthunzi.

Ntchito

Methane imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira zamafakitale ndipo imatha kunyamulidwa ngati madzi oziziritsa (mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka, kapena LNG). Ngakhale kuti kutuluka kwa madzi kuchokera mu chidebe chamadzimadzi choziziritsa poyamba kumakhala kolemera kuposa mpweya chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wozizira, mpweya womwe uli pa kutentha kwa malo ozungulira umakhala wopepuka kuposa mpweya. Mapaipi a gasi amagawa mpweya wachilengedwe wambiri, womwe methane ndiye gawo lalikulu.

1. Mafuta
Methane imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a uvuni, nyumba, zotenthetsera madzi, ma uvuni, magalimoto, ma turbine, ndi zinthu zina. Imayaka ndi mpweya kuti ipange kutentha.

2. Mpweya wachilengedwe
Methane ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga magetsi powayatsa ngati mafuta mu turbine ya gasi kapena jenereta ya nthunzi. Poyerekeza ndi mafuta ena a hydrocarbon, methane imapanga carbon dioxide yochepa pa unit iliyonse ya kutentha komwe imatulutsidwa. Pafupifupi 891 kJ/mol, kutentha kwa methane komwe kumayaka kumakhala kotsika kuposa hydrocarbon ina iliyonse koma chiŵerengero cha kutentha komwe kumayaka (891 kJ/mol) ndi molekyulu (16.0 g/mol, yomwe 12.0 g/mol ndi carbon) chikuwonetsa kuti methane, pokhala hydrocarbon yosavuta kwambiri, imapanga kutentha kochulukirapo pa unit iliyonse (55.7 kJ/g) kuposa ma hydrocarbon ena ovuta. M'mizinda yambiri, methane imalowetsedwa m'nyumba kuti itenthetse ndi kuphika. Pankhaniyi nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti gasi wachilengedwe, womwe umaonedwa kuti uli ndi mphamvu ya 39 megajoules pa cubic mita, kapena 1,000 BTU pa cubic foot yokhazikika.

Methane yomwe ili mu mawonekedwe a gasi wachilengedwe wopanikizika imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a galimoto ndipo akuti ndi yotetezeka kwambiri ku chilengedwe kuposa mafuta ena monga mafuta a petulo/petulo ndi dizilo. Kafukufuku wa njira zosungira methane kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mafuta a galimoto wachitika.

3. Mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka
Mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka (LNG) ndi mpweya wachilengedwe (makamaka methane, CH4) womwe wasinthidwa kukhala madzi kuti usungidwe mosavuta kapena kunyamulidwa. Ma tanker okwera mtengo a LNG amafunika kuti anyamule methane.

Mpweya wachilengedwe wosungunuka umatenga pafupifupi 1/600th ya kuchuluka kwa mpweya wachilengedwe womwe uli mu mpweya. Ndi wopanda fungo, wopanda mtundu, wopanda poizoni komanso wosawononga. Zoopsa zimaphatikizapo kuyaka pambuyo poti wasanduka mpweya, kuzizira, komanso kupuma mpweya.

4. Mafuta a roketi amadzimadzi-methane
Methane yamadzimadzi yoyengedwa imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta a roketi. Akuti methane imapereka ubwino kuposa palafini woika mpweya wochepa m'zigawo zamkati mwa ma rocket motors, zomwe zimachepetsa zovuta zogwiritsanso ntchito ma booster.

Methane ndi yochuluka m'malo ambiri a Solar system ndipo mwina ikhoza kutengedwa pamwamba pa solar system ina (makamaka, pogwiritsa ntchito methane yopangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo zakomweko zomwe zimapezeka pa Mars kapena Titan), zomwe zimapereka mafuta paulendo wobwerera.

5. Zakudya za mankhwala
Methane imasinthidwa kukhala mpweya wopangidwa, wosakaniza wa carbon monoxide ndi hydrogen, mwa kusintha nthunzi. Njira yotsirizira imeneyi (yofuna mphamvu) imagwiritsa ntchito ma catalyst ndipo imafuna kutentha kwambiri, pafupifupi 700–1100 °C.

Njira zothandizira koyamba

Kulumikizana ndi Maso:Palibe chomwe chikufunika pa mpweya. Ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi chisanu, sambitsani maso ndi madzi ozizira kwa mphindi 15 ndipo pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo.
Kulumikizana ndi Khungu:Palibe chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mpweya woipa. Pakukhudzana ndi khungu kapena ngati mukukayikira kuti muli ndi chimfine, chotsani zovala zodetsedwa ndikutsuka malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi madzi ofunda. MUSAGWIRITSE NTCHITO MADZI OTENTHA. Dokotala ayenera kuonana ndi wodwalayo mwachangu ngati kukhudzana ndi mankhwalawa kwapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa khungu pakhale matuza kapena minofu yozama ikuzizira.
Kupuma mpweya:CHISAMALIRO CHA MANKHWALA CHOFUNIKA KWAMBIRI PA ZOMWE ZILI ZONSE ZAKUPUMA MOWAWA. ANTHU OTHANDIZA AYENERA KUKHALA NDI ZIPANGIZO ZOMWE ZINGAPUMULE ZOKHA. Anthu omwe akupuma modzidzimutsa ayenera kuthandizidwa kupita kumalo osadetsedwa ndikupuma mpweya wabwino. Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, perekani mpweya. Anthu osazindikira ayenera kusunthidwa kupita kumalo osadetsedwa ndipo, ngati kuli kofunikira, alandire mpweya wopangidwa ndi mankhwala komanso mpweya wowonjezera. Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chosonyeza zizindikiro komanso chothandiza.
Kumeza:Palibe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi. Pitani kuchipatala ngati zizindikiro zayamba.
Chidziwitso kwa Dokotala:Chithandizo cha zizindikiro.

Methane yakunja kwa dziko lapansi
Methane yapezeka kapena ikukhulupirira kuti ilipo m'mapulaneti onse a dongosolo la dzuwa ndi miyezi yambiri ikuluikulu. Kupatulapo Mars, akukhulupirira kuti inachokera ku njira zosasinthika.
Methane (CH4) pa Mars - magwero omwe angakhalepo ndi malo osungiramo madzi.
Methane yaperekedwa ngati choyambitsa ma rocket propellant pa maulendo amtsogolo a Mars chifukwa cha kuthekera kopanga dziko lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili pamalopo.[58] Kusintha kwa Sabatier methanation reaction kungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi chosakaniza chothandizira komanso kusintha kwa mpweya wamadzi mu reactor imodzi kuti ipange methane kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira zomwe zilipo pa Mars, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ochokera ku nthaka ya Mars ndi carbon dioxide mumlengalenga wa Mars.

Methane ikhoza kupangidwa ndi njira yosakhala yachilengedwe yotchedwa ''serpentinization[a] yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito madzi, carbon dioxide, ndi mchere wa olivine, womwe umadziwika kuti ndi wofala kwambiri pa Mars.