Mafuta oyaka amagawidwa m'masitolo osakanikirana ndi gasi yosakanikirana, yomwe ili ndi mikhalidwe yoyaka komanso yophulika. Kuchepetsa malire kwa osakaniza am'masikidwe ophatikizika ndi mpweya wophatikiza womwe umayambitsa kuphulika pansi pa mikhalidwe yoyeserera. Mafuta othandizirana amatha kukhala mpweya, mpweya kapena mpweya wina wothandizana.

Malire ophulika amatanthauza malire a kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyaka kapena nthunzi mlengalenga. Zokhala zotsika kwambiri za mpweya woyaka zomwe zingayambitse kuphulika kumatchedwa malire apansi; Woyang'anira ndende kwambiri amatchedwa malire ophulika. Malire ophulika amasiyanasiyana ndi zigawo za osakaniza.

Mipweya yofala komanso yophulika imakhala ndi hydrogen, methane, Ethane, propane, Fesphine ndi mipweya ina. Mafuta aliwonse amakhala ndi malire osiyanasiyana komanso malire ophulika.

Hachinrogen

Hydrogen (h2)ndi mpweya wopanda utoto, wopanda mafuta. Ndi madzi osawoneka bwino kwambiri komanso kutentha kochepa komanso kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi. Imayatsidwa kwambiri ndipo imatha kuphulika mwadongosolo kwambiri mukasakanikirana ndi mpweya ndikumva moto. Mwachitsanzo, akasakanizidwa ndi chlorine, imatha kuphulika mwakuwala; Akasakanizidwa ndi fluorine mumdima, imatha kuphulika; Hydrogen mu silinda amatha kuphulika mukamatenthedwa. Malire ophulika a hydrogen ndi 4.0% mpaka 75.6% (voliyumu ya voliyumu).

Methane

Methanendi mpweya wopanda utoto, wopanda fungo ndi malo otentha a -161.4 ° C. Ndiwopepuka kuposa mpweya ndipo ndi mpweya woyaka womwe ndi wovuta kwambiri kusungunuka m'madzi. Ndiwosavuta wojambula. Kusakaniza kwa methane ndi mpweya mu gawo loyenera lidzaphulika mukakumana ndi chepa. Malire ophulika am'munsi% (v / v): 15.4, masinthidwe apansi apansi% (v / v): 5.0.

Nthane

Ethane ndi wopanda m'madzi, sungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol ndi acetone, wosungunuka mu benzene, ndipo amatha kupanga zosintha zophulika mukasakanikirana ndi mpweya. Ndizowopsa kuwotcha ndikuphulika mukamakhala ndi magwero otentha ndi malawi otseguka. Ikubala zikhalidwe zachiwawa mukakumana ndi fluorine, chlorine, etc.

Pulone

Pulogalamu (C3h8), mpweya wopanda utoto, umatha kupanga zosakaniza zophulika mukasakanikirana ndi mpweya. Ndizowopsa kuwotcha ndikuphulika mukamakhala ndi magwero otentha ndi malawi otseguka. Imachita zachiwawa pakukumana ndi oxidates. Malire ophulika% (v / v): 9,5, kutsikira kotsika%% (v / v): 2.1;

N.butane

n-yadzi ndi mpweya wopanda utoto, wopanda madzi, sungunuka mosavuta mu ethanol, ether, chloroform ndi ma hydroforbons ena. Imapanga chosakanikirana ndi mpweya, ndipo malire ophulika ndi 19% ~ 84% (madzulo).

Ethylene

Ethylene (C2H4) ndi mpweya wopanda utoto wokhala ndi fungo labwino lokoma. Imasungunuka mu ethanol, ether ndi madzi. Ndiosavuta kuwotcha ndikuphulika. Zomwe zili mlengalenga zimafika 3%, imatha kuphulika ndikuwotcha. Malire ophulika ndi 3.0 ~ 34.0%.

Acetylene

Acetylene (C2H2)ndi mpweya wopanda utoto wokhala ndi fungo la e. Imasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, kusungunuka mu ethanol, ndikusungunuka mosavuta mu acetone. Ndizosavuta kwambiri kuwotcha ndikuphulika, makamaka mukakumana ndi mafoni kapena sulfides. Malire ophulika ndi 2,5 ~ 80%.

Maployne

Propyyne ndi mpweya wopanda utoto wokhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ndi acetic acid. Ndikosavuta kuphulika ndikuwotcha, ndipo malire ophulika ndi 2.0 ~ 11.0%.

Cyclopropane

Cyclopropane ndi mpweya wopanda utoto wokhala ndi fungo la mafuta a petroleum. Imasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi ndikusungunuka mosavuta mu ethanol ndi ether. Ndiosavuta kuwotcha ndikuphulika, ndikuphulika kwa 2,4 ~ 10%.

1,3 yaniene

1,3 yaniene ndi mpweya wopanda utoto, wopanda fungo m'madzi, kusungunuka mosavuta mu ethanol ndi ethel, ndi kusungunuka mu chikho cha chloride. Ndizosakhazikika kwambiri mu kutentha kwa chipinda ndikuwola mosavuta ndikuphulika, ndi malire ophulika a 2.16 ~ 11.17%.

Methyl chloride

Methyl chloride (ch3cl) ndi mpweya wopanda utoto, wopanda mafuta. Zimakoma zokoma ndipo zimakhala ndi fungo la ether. Imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, ethanol, ether, chloroform ndi glacial acetic acid. Ndiosavuta kuwotcha ndikuphulika, ndikuphulika kwa 8.1 ~ 17.2%