Mpweya woyeretsedwa kwambiri (UHP) ndiye maziko a makampani opanga zinthu zamagetsi. Pamene kufunikira kosayerekezeka komanso kusokonekera kwa maunyolo ogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi kukukweza mtengo wa mpweya woyeretsedwa kwambiri, mapangidwe atsopano a zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi njira zopangira zinthu zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuwongolera kuipitsa komwe kukufunika. Kwa opanga zinthu zamagetsi zamagetsi, kukhala ndi kuthekera kotsimikizira kuti mpweya wa UHP ndi woyera ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.

Mpweya wa Ultra High Purity (UHP) Ndi Wofunika Kwambiri Pakupanga Ma Semiconductor Amakono

Chimodzi mwa ntchito zazikulu za mpweya wa UHP ndi inertization: mpweya wa UHP umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka mpweya woteteza kuzungulira zigawo za semiconductor, motero kuziteteza ku zotsatira zoyipa za chinyezi, mpweya ndi zinthu zina zodetsa mumlengalenga. Komabe, inertization ndi imodzi mwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomwe mpweya umachita mumakampani opanga semiconductor. Kuyambira mpweya woyambirira wa plasma mpaka mpweya wochitapo kanthu womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa ndi kupopera, mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana ndipo ndi wofunikira mu unyolo wonse wa semiconductor supply.

Mipweya ina ya "core" mumakampani opanga ma semiconductor ndi monganayitrogeni(yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotsukira wamba komanso mpweya wopanda mpweya),argon(yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya waukulu wa plasma mu etching ndi deposition reactions),heliamu(yogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya wopanda mphamvu wokhala ndi mphamvu zapadera zosamutsira kutentha) ndihaidrojeni(amachita ntchito zingapo pakuyeretsa, kuyika, epitaxy ndi plasma).

Popeza ukadaulo wa semiconductor wasintha ndikusintha, mpweya womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu wasinthanso. Masiku ano, mafakitale opanga semiconductor amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya, kuyambira mpweya wabwino mongakryptonndineonku mitundu yosinthika monga nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) ndi tungsten hexafluoride (WF6).

Kufunika kwakukulu kwa chiyero

Kuyambira pomwe chipangizo choyamba chamagetsi chinapangidwa, dziko lapansi lawona kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito a zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. M'zaka zisanu zapitazi, njira imodzi yotsimikizika yokwaniritsira kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito kwakhala kudzera mu "kukula kwa kukula": kuchepetsa miyeso yofunika kwambiri ya mapangidwe a ma chip omwe alipo kuti akwaniritse ma transistors ambiri pamalo enaake. Kuphatikiza pa izi, kupangidwa kwa mapangidwe atsopano a ma chip ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono kwapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho apite patsogolo kwambiri.

Masiku ano, miyeso yofunika kwambiri ya ma semiconductor apamwamba tsopano ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kotero kuti kukula kwa kukula sikulinso njira yabwino yowonjezerera magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho. M'malo mwake, ofufuza a semiconductor akufunafuna mayankho mu mawonekedwe a zipangizo zatsopano ndi mapangidwe a 3D chip.

Zaka makumi ambiri za kukonzanso kosatopa zikutanthauza kuti zipangizo zamakono za semiconductor ndi zamphamvu kwambiri kuposa ma microchip akale - koma ndizofooka kwambiri. Kubwera kwa ukadaulo wopanga ma wafer a 300mm kwawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuyeretsa komwe kumafunikira popanga ma semiconductor. Ngakhale kuipitsidwa pang'ono kwambiri munjira yopangira (makamaka mpweya wosowa kapena wopanda mphamvu) kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa zida - kotero kuyera kwa mpweya tsopano ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.

Pa fakitale yodziwika bwino yopanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi semiconductor, mpweya wopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon ndiwo mtengo waukulu kwambiri kuposa wa silicon yokha. Mitengoyi ikuyembekezeka kukwera pamene kufunikira kwa zinthu zopangidwa ndi semiconductor kukukwera kwambiri. Zochitika ku Europe zapangitsa kuti msika wa gasi wachilengedwe womwe uli ndi mphamvu zambiri usokonezeke. Ukraine ndi imodzi mwa makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi omwe amagulitsa zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon.neonzizindikiro; Kuukira kwa Russia kumatanthauza kuti mpweya wosowa ukuchepa. Izi zinapangitsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa mpweya komanso mitengo ya mpweya wina wabwino mongakryptonndixenon.